Michael Bauman
Stephen, not a single thing you’ve said so far is true. Not one.
Pentecost is not a pagan holiday.
No, not everything we know about such things and such people comes from the Romans. Not even close. There are thousands and thousands of ancient non-Roman documents upon which we rely for information — some Christian and some Jewish, some even Syriac. The Roman documents are among the least significant of the lot.
Christianity is monotheistic. It doesn’t believe in three gods. It believes in three personalities in ONE God.
Neither the Jews nor the Muslims had to fight for survival from
Christian dominance. Islam conquered the entire Middle East and made Judaism and Christianity illegal and persecuted those who held to them. So Christian forces liberated the Holy Land. By liberating it, they liberated the Jews there from Islamic persecution. The Crusades were a Western counterpart to prior Islamic dominance. Christians had to fight for survival from Islamic dominance in Western Europe — Charles Martel and all that. Tours and Vienna, remember? Not to mention the entire Iberian Peninsula.
Christianity considers the Jewish Scriptures as inspired and authoritative. That Testament has law in it, which Christians see as binding. The New Testament too has law. Look up Luther on the point and he will explain how both Testaments contain both law and grace. From Jesus onward, Christians have had both their own hallakah and haggadah. They are neither law-free nor lawless. They have a strong law tradition, but not one like sharia. That is the good news.
Because Christianity has Jewish roots, it shares with Judaism a common worldview, a common ancient history, and a common set of values and heroes of the faith. Christians, too, speak of their “father Abraham,” and Paul, a former Pharisee, forms arguments in many of his letters that presuppose that agreement with Abraham is a clinching argument in theological polemics.
Thus, the notion of a Judeo-Christian heritage is not an insult to either religion. It acknowledges our commonalities, which are old and significant. That’s why there are so many parallels between Christian theology and the Bavli and Yerushalmi (but notZohar, which seems a it aberrant in comparison to the rest of the tradition). When two sides start from the same or similar bases, and if they work reasonably, then their conclusions and applications will be very close.
Christianity has a long and venerable tradition of natural law theory. It was there and dominant before Jefferson ever considered it. It comes from well before Thomas Aquinas, who simply codified it and systematized it for use in dogmatics. For me, I agree with Heschel and Barth that natural theology is not a reliable guide to righteousness. I do so because the world is fallen and cursed. We have never seen a natural nature, so we do not know what it “teaches,” if anything. The Edenic world might be remarkably different from the current world order, and in ways we cannot imagine. We do not know.